Waves

Interference of Sound Wave Experiment The figure below shows the apparatus set up to investigate the interference of sound wave. Two distanced speakers are connected to the same audio generator. A microphone is moved in front of the 2 speakers from left to right. Result:Alternating loud and soft sounds are detected as the microphone is … Read more

Young’s Double Slits Experiment Young’s double-slit is made up of two slits ruled on a piece of slide and painted with ‘aquadak’. When monochromatic light passes through Young’s double-slit, diffraction of light occurs and two coherent sources (same amplitude, frequency and phase) are produced. The two coherent sources will overlap and superpose to produce the … Read more

Nodal Line and Anti-nodal Line An anti-node is a point of maximum amplitude where constructive interference occurs. Whereas a node is point of minimum amplitude where destructive interference occurs. The anti-nodal line joins all anti-node points. The nodal line joins all node points. Formula for Interference λ = Wavelengtha = Distance between the two wave sourcesx … Read more

Principle of Superposition The principle of superposition states that where two or more waves meet, the total displacement at any point is the vector sum of the displacements that each individual wave would cause at that point. Coherent Wave Two wave sources which are coherent have same frequency or have constant phase difference. Interference The … Read more

Diffraction of Sound Wave Experiment Observation The street cleaner can hear the sound of the radio even though it is behind an obstacle. Explanation The sound of the radio spreads around the corner of the wall due to diffraction of sound wave.

Diffraction of LightWave Pin Hole Experiment Light is diffracted when passes through a pinhole. The diffraction pattern is made up of alternating bright and dark ring. Single Slit Experiment Light is diffracted if it passes through a narrow slit. The diffraction pattern is made up of the bright bands and dark bands of different width. … Read more

Diffraction Diffraction is the spreading of a wave when it travels through an opening or a small obstacle. (Diffraction happen when waves pass through an opening) (Diffraction happen when waves encounter an obstacle) Characteristics of Diffracted Wave Wavelength does not change. Frequency does not change. Speed of diffracted does not change. The amplitude of the … Read more

Phenomenon Related to Refraction of Sound Wave Observation The sound of a distance train is clearer at night. Explanation At night, the air closer to the ground is cooler than the air further from the ground.Sound wave travels slower in cool air. As a result, the sound wave is refracted in the path of curve … Read more

Refraction of Sound Waves Experiment 1 Result The amplitude of the sound wave increases when a balloon filled with Carbon dioxide is placed between the speaker and the microphone. Explanation Carbon dioxide is denser than air. The sound wave is refracted approaching the normal when the wave propagates from the air into the balloon, and … Read more

Refraction of Light When light travels one medium to another of differing density, its speed changes. Speed of light is higher in a medium of less density as compare with one higher density. The change in velocity of light when it travels from one media to another of different density results in the refraction phenomenon. … Read more